徐昭,史海滨,李仙岳,田彤,付小军,李正中.水氮限量供给对盐渍化农田玉米光能利用与产量的影响[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(12):281-291.
XU Zhao,SHI Haibin,LI Xianyue,TIAN Tong,FU Xiaojun,LI Zhengzhong.Effect of Limited Irrigation and Nitrogen Rate on Radiation Utilization Efficiency and Yield of Maize in Salinization Farmland[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(12):281-291.
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水氮限量供给对盐渍化农田玉米光能利用与产量的影响   [下载全文]
Effect of Limited Irrigation and Nitrogen Rate on Radiation Utilization Efficiency and Yield of Maize in Salinization Farmland   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2018-06-29  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.12.034
中文关键词:  玉米  畦灌  盐渍化农田  限量灌溉和施氮  光能利用效率
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51539005、51769024)和国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400205)
作者单位
徐昭 内蒙古农业大学 
史海滨 内蒙古农业大学 
李仙岳 内蒙古农业大学 
田彤 内蒙古农业大学 
付小军 内蒙古河套灌区解放闸灌域管理局 
李正中 内蒙古河套灌区解放闸灌域管理局 
中文摘要:为确定河套灌区畦灌条件下盐渍化农田玉米适宜的灌溉和施氮量,田间试验设置了3个灌溉水平150、225、300mm(分别记为W1、W2和W3)和3个施氮水平172.5、258.8、345kg/hm2(分别记为N1、N2和N3),研究限量水氮对盐渍化农田玉米生殖生长阶段土壤水盐状况、光截获率、光能利用效率(RUE)及产量的影响,并基于通径分析方法探讨了产量形成机制。结果表明:相同施氮量下,W3和W2在玉米抽雄-灌浆期的光截获率显著高于W1(P<0.05),W3与W2差异不显著;水、氮及交互效应显著影响RUE,特别在灌浆期,RUE与灌溉量和施氮量在一定范围内呈正相关,而过量灌溉或施氮对RUE有抑制作用,适度减氮控水能显著提高RUE;W2N2的产量分别较W3N3、W3N2增产4.01%、3.91%(P>0.05),适度节水节氮不会显著影响产量;产量与灌浆期叶面积指数(LAI)、光合势、光截获率呈显著正相关,RUE对产量的直接贡献最大,生物累积量、LAI、光合势和光截获率均通过RUE对产量的间接贡献较大;W2N2相比其他处理明显改善了玉米生长后期土壤水盐状况,有利于促进冠层发育和提高光合生产力,其较小平均叶倾角和较大LAI有利于提高光截获量和光合作用面积,特别是其灌浆后期LAI和光合势较其他处理提高7.15%~42.24%和5.95%~37.60%,LAI下降速率分别较W3N3、W3N2减缓37.35%、53.49%,具有更加合理的冠层结构,表现出较高的光合性能,显著促进了生物量的累积(P<0.05),灌浆期RUE较其他处理显著提高18.61%~66.93%,在本试验条件下产量最高。W2N2处理具有节水、节肥、稳产及高光效的优势,可作为河套灌区盐渍化农田玉米适宜水氮模式。
XU Zhao  SHI Haibin  LI Xianyue  TIAN Tong  FU Xiaojun  LI Zhengzhong
Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Jiefangzha Management Bureau of Hetao Irrigation District and Jiefangzha Management Bureau of Hetao Irrigation District
Key Words:corn  border irrigation  salinization farmland  limited irrigation and nitrogen rate  radiation utilization efficiency
Abstract:Radiation use efficiency (RUE) is critical for improving crop yield. The object was to explore the influence of limited irrigation and nitrogen rates on the canopy light interception rate, RUE and yield of maize under border irrigation in salinization irrigation district and realize the efficient utilization of water and nitrogen. A field experiment was conducted in Hetao Irrigation District (HID). The experiment referred to the local conventional irrigation and nitrogen amounts in HID, which had three irrigation amounts (W1, 150mm;W2, 225mm;and W3, 300mm, which was the local conventional irrigation amount) and three nitrogen amounts (N1, 172.5kg/hm2;N2, 258.8kg/hm2;and N3, 345kg/hm2, which was the local conventional nitrogen application amount), meanwhile, interactive experiments were carried out. The leaf area index (LAI), leaf inclination angle (MFIA), photosynthetic active radiation and biomass of maize were measured at the tasseling-filling stage, and soil water and salt contents and the final yield were also measured at the same time. To investigate the mechanism of maize yields in salinization farmland, the correlation analysis and path analysis methods were used. Main conclusions were as follows: the light interception rate (F) of maize was significantly affected by irrigation at the tasseling-filling stage in salinization farmland. At the same nitrogen application rate, the F of W3 and W2 levels were higher than that of W1 level, but the difference of F between W2 and W3 was not significant;the RUE of maize was significantly (P<0.05) affected by irrigation, nitrogen and interaction effects in salinization farmland. Especially, at grain filling stage, RUE was increased with the increase of irrigation and nitrogen rates, but the promotion of RUE had inhibition growth effect when excessive irrigation or nitrogen application was conducted. The RUE of maize was significantly improved with the moderate reduction of irrigation and nitrogen application rate;maize yields were significantly (P<0.05) affected by irrigation and nitrogen in salinization farmland. Moderately reducing irrigation volume and nitrogen rate had no significant effect on maize yields. The yield of W2N2 treatment was 4.01% and 3.91% higher than those of W3N3 and W3N2 treatments (P>0.05), respectively;correlation analysis showed that the yield was positively correlated with LAI, leaf area duration (LAD) and the light interception rate (F) during filling stage. Path analysis showed that LAI had the greatest effect on yield mainly through LAD and F. The RUE had the greatest direct contribution to yield and biomass accumulation, LAI, LAD and F contributed indirectly to yield through RUE;compared with the rest of treatments, the conditions of soil water and salt were obviously improved by W2N2 treatment at the late growth stage of maize in salinization farmland, which was beneficial to promote the development of canopy and increase photosynthetic productivity. The W2N2 treatment with small MFIA and large LAI was beneficial to enhance the light interception rate and area of photosynthesis during the late growth stage. Especially, at late grain filling stage, the LAI and LAD of W2N2 treatment were 7.15%~42.24% and 5.95%~37.60% higher than the rest of treatments, respectively, the decreasing rate of LAI was 37.35% and 53.49% lower than those of W3N3 and W3N2 treatments, respectively, which can construct proper canopy structure, keep high photosynthetic performance and increase biomass accumulation. Thus, W2N2 treatment was beneficial to the improvement of RUE. The RUE of W2N2 treatment was 18.61%~66.93% higher than those of the rest of treatments. Finally, W2N2 treatment achieved the highest yield. In conclusion, the W2N2 treatment had the advantages of saving water and nitrogen, high yield and RUE, as a water and nitrogen management mode, it was very suitable for maize planting in salinization farmland in HID.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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