张忠学,尚文彬,郑恩楠,陈帅宏,陈鹏,刘明.基于15N示踪技术的不同水肥条件下玉米氮素利用实验[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(10):292-299,346.
ZHANG Zhongxue,SHANG Wenbin,ZHENG Ennan,CHEN Shuaihong,CHEN Peng,LIU Ming.Experiment on Nitrogen Utilization of Maize under Different Water and Fertilizer Conditions Based on 15N Tracing Technique[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(10):292-299,346.
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基于15N示踪技术的不同水肥条件下玉米氮素利用实验   [下载全文]
Experiment on Nitrogen Utilization of Maize under Different Water and Fertilizer Conditions Based on 15N Tracing Technique   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2018-04-16  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.10.033
中文关键词:  玉米  水肥耦合  氮素吸收  同位素示踪技术
基金项目:“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD12B01)
作者单位
张忠学 东北农业大学 
尚文彬 东北农业大学 
郑恩楠 东北农业大学 
陈帅宏 东北农业大学 
陈鹏 东北农业大学 
刘明 东北农业大学 
中文摘要:为了研究不同水肥条件下玉米对氮肥的吸收利用情况,试验采用15N示踪技术,通过设置3个灌溉水平(200、400、600m3/hm2)以及5个施氮水平(0、150、200、250、300kg/hm2)研究了玉米成熟期各器官对肥料氮和土壤氮的吸收情况,不同水肥处理肥料氮对土壤氮的激发规律以及各处理的氮肥有效率。结果表明:不同水肥条件下玉米吸收肥料中氮素占总氮量的33.32%~43.54%,吸收土壤中氮素占总氮量的56.46%~66.68%。各器官对肥料氮的竞争能力不同,由大到小表现为:籽粒、叶、茎。增加施氮量可以适当提升玉米对土壤中氮素的吸收能力,但过量施氮时必须通过增加灌水量才能使玉米从土壤吸收更多的氮素。当灌水量为400m3/hm2,施氮量为250kg/hm2时产量达到14063.04kg/hm2,土壤氮库达到平衡状态,既实现了高产又满足环境友好需求。
ZHANG Zhongxue  SHANG Wenbin  ZHENG Ennan  CHEN Shuaihong  CHEN Peng  LIU Ming
Northeast Agricultural University,Northeast Agricultural University,Northeast Agricultural University,Northeast Agricultural University,Northeast Agricultural University and Northeast Agricultural University
Key Words:maize  coupling of water and fertilizer  nitrogen uptake  isotope tracer technique
Abstract:The aim was to study absorption and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer of maize under different water and fertilizer conditions by using the 15N tracer technique. Three irrigation levels (200m3/hm2, 400m3/hm2 and 600m3/hm2) and five nitrogen application levels (0kg/hm2, 150kg/hm2, 200kg/hm2, 250kg/hm2 and 300kg/hm2) were set. The absorption of nitrogen from fertilizer and soil in different organs of maize was studied at maturation stage. Soil nitrogen excitation effect and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency under different water and fertilizer conditions were also studied. The results showed that the nitrogen absorbed from fertilizer by maize accounted for 33.32%~43.54% and the nitrogen absorbed from soil by maize accounted for 56.46%~66.68% under different water and fertilizer conditions. It was showed that soil was the main nitrogen source of maize growth. The different organs’ competitive ability to nitrogen from fertilizer was different, and the expression in a descending trend was grain, leaf and stem. Increasing of nitrogen application could improve the absorption ability of maize to nitrogen from soil, but it was necessary to increase the amount of water when excessive nitrogen was applied, in order to make the maize absorb more nitrogen from soil. The 15N residue in 0~60cm soil layer was increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. With the increase of irrigation volume, the residual amount of 15N on the surface was decreased. When the amount of irrigation was 400m3/hm2 and nitrogen applied was 250kg/hm2, the yield reached 14063.04kg/hm2, and the soil nitrogen reservoir was in equilibrium state which not only achieved high production, but also met the needs of environment friendly. The conclusion can provide reference for the management of corn fertilizer and water and the sustainable development of agriculture.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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