丁涛,孙宝玺,施正香,王宗伦,姚春霞,张驰也.缓解奶牛热应激的喷淋水滴粒径研究[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(9):264-269.
DING Tao,SUN Baoxi,SHI Zhengxiang,WANG Zonglun,YAO Chunxia,ZHANG Chiye.Investigation on Spraying Droplet Diameter for Alleviating Heat Stress of Cows[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(9):264-269.
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缓解奶牛热应激的喷淋水滴粒径研究   [下载全文]
Investigation on Spraying Droplet Diameter for Alleviating Heat Stress of Cows   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2017-01-05  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.09.033
中文关键词:  奶牛  喷淋水滴粒径  热应激
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31402115)、国家奶牛产业技术体系项目(CARS-37)、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2015SYL001)和国家级大学生创新性计划项目(201610019072)
作者单位
丁涛 中国农业大学 
孙宝玺 中国农业大学 
施正香 中国农业大学 
王宗伦 中国农业大学 
姚春霞 中国农业大学 
张驰也 中国农业大学 
中文摘要:为探讨夏季缓解奶牛热应激喷淋水滴粒径对降温效果的影响,通过现场实验测试了3种平均喷淋水滴粒径(0.829、0.947、1.127mm)缓解奶牛热应激效果。实验中利用热像仪采集奶牛体表温度,同时测定呼吸频率、直肠温度生理指标,并在此基础上利用Merkel焓差理论分析计算奶牛喷淋降温换热量。结果表明,喷淋过程中,3种粒径(0.829、0.947、1.127mm)在奶牛脖颈区域平均降温为0.7、1.1、0.9℃,腹部区域平均降温为0.7、1.4、1.5℃,平均呼吸频率分别降低0.6、4.2、2.1次/min;喷淋结束后,3种粒径在奶牛脖颈区域平均降温为0.2、0.4、0.6℃,腹部区域平均降温为0.1、0.5、0.6℃,平均呼吸频率降低-0.4、1.4、1.2次/min。喷淋前后奶牛直肠温度均控制在稳定范围内,且平均喷淋水滴粒径0.947mm和1.127mm低于0.829mm时的奶牛平均直肠温度。3种平均喷淋水滴粒径对应的奶牛单位时间换热量分别为417.4、469.9、430.4W,其中0.947mm平均喷淋水滴粒径下换热量最大。因此,平均喷淋水滴粒径0.947mm更适用于夏季奶牛喷淋降温。
DING Tao  SUN Baoxi  SHI Zhengxiang  WANG Zonglun  YAO Chunxia  ZHANG Chiye
China Agricultural University,China Agricultural University,China Agricultural University,China Agricultural University,China Agricultural University and China Agricultural University
Key Words:dairy cow  average spraying droplet diameter  heat stress
Abstract:The effect of relieving heat stress of cows was verified by three kinds of average spraying droplet diameter (SDD) (0.829mm,0.947mm and 1.127mm) through field test. In the test, the body surface temperature of dairy cow was collected by thermal imager;the respiratory rate and physiological index of rectal temperature were measured at the same time. Based on this, the theory of enthalpy difference of Merkel was used to calculate the heat transfer of spraying cooling. The results showed that during the process of spraying, for three kinds of SDD (0.829mm,0.947mm and 1.127mm), the average reductions of temperature were 0.7℃, 1.1℃ and 0.9℃ in the region of neck;in the region of abdominal, the average reductions of temperature were 0.7℃,1.4℃ and 1.5℃, respectively;and the average respiratory rates were decreased by 0.6, 4.2 and 2.1 times per minute, respectively. After spraying, for three kinds of SDD, the average reductions of temperature were 0.2℃, 0.4℃ and 0.6℃ in the region of neck;in the region of abdominal, the average reductions of temperature were 0.1℃, 0.5℃ and 0.6℃, respectively, and the average respiratory rates were decreased by -0.4, 1.4 and 1.2 times per minute, respectively. The rectal temperature was controlled within the stable range before and after spraying. The average rectal temperatures under SDD of 0.947mm and 1.127mm were lower than that under SDD of 0.829mm. Under three kinds of SDD, the heat exchanges of cows in unit time were 417.4W, 469.9W and 430.4W, respectively, which showed that heat exchange reached the maximum under SDD of 0.947mm. In summary, the SDD of 0.947mm was more suitable for the cooling of dairy cows in summer.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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