Development and layout of the reserved cultivated land resources directly affects the sustainable utilization of land resources and protection of ecological environment. Based on the results of the second round survey of reserved cultivated land resources and targeted at the special environment in Tibet, an exploitation suitability evaluation model of reserved cultivatable land resources in Tibet was presented based on the natural and social benefits. Taking the township level administrative region in Tibet as a unit, clustering variables included each township comprehensive suitability index, continuously concentrated index and yield potential index of reserved cultivatable land resources. Considering the spatial neighbor relationship, the spatial “K” luster analysis was used by tree edge removal (SKATER) algorithm based on graph theory. The cluster analysis was used to determine the exploitation combination of reserved cultivated land resources in Tibet. The results showed that the exploitation suitability of reserved cultivated land resources included three grades, which were the most suitability area, the medium suitability area and the barely suitability area. The area of them accounts for 27.98%, 49.09% and 22.93% of total area of the study area, respectively. According to the model of exploitation combination, the townships with reserved cultivated land resources were divided into three groups as the recently major development area, medium-term moderate development area and long-term development area, which maintained neighbor relationships between the objects, as well as the integrity of the district territories. Furthermore, the results provided reference for the development partition of reserved cultivated land resources for local governments, and it also provided scientific basis for agricultural economy.