化学集成调控技术对土壤水氮与玉米产量的影响
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(51379210)


Effects of Chemical Integrated Control Technology on Soil Water, Soil Nitrogen and Maize Yield
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    摘要:

    以北京密云雨养型玉米为研究对象,联合采用土壤表土改良剂(PAM)、土壤保水剂(SAP)和叶面抗蒸腾剂(FA)3种典型化学制剂进行生产应用,研究了化学集成调控技术对土壤含水率、氮素含量及玉米产量的影响效应,探索了玉米产量最优的化学调控集成应用模式。结果表明,3种化学制剂对土壤含水率、氮素含量和玉米产量的影响效应不一致,PAM、SAP对土壤水分和速效氮影响显著,而PAM、SAP和FA则共同对土壤全氮、玉米产量产生显著影响;在本试验条件下,FA 400倍液、SAP 90 kg/hm2的化学集成调控处理配合 270 kg/hm2尿素施用量可以得到最大玉米产量, 同时玉米生育期内土壤速效氮质量比和平均含水率均为最高,分别为45.44 mg/kg和0.12,有利于作物对水肥的吸收利用,其最大玉米产量1.30kg/m2相较于未施加化控制剂的对照组,增产可达21%。

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    The rain-fed maize was selected as the research object. Three typical chemical agents(Polyacrylamide, Superabsorbent polymer and Fulvic acid) were combined to apply on maize production. The effects of chemical integrated control technology on the soil water, nitrogen and maize yield were researched, and the optimal chemical integrated application pattern was explored. The results indicated that the effect of three chemical agents on soil water, nitrogen and maize yield was inconsistent. PAM and SAP had significant effect on soil water and available nitrogen, while PAM, SAP and FA were combined to have effect on total nitrogen and maize yield. The largest maize yield was gotten with FA 400 times liquid and SAP 90 kg/hm2 with 270 kg/hm2 urea application, meanwhile, the available nitrogen and average soil water were 5.44 mg/kg and 0.12 respectively, which were bigger than any other experimental treatment. The higher soil water and available nitrogen were beneficial for plant to uptake water and nitrogen. Compared with the treatment without chemical agents, the maximize improvement for maize yield could be able to 21% after chemical integrated control technology application. 

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廖人宽,张志成,任树梅,程闯胜,杨培岭.化学集成调控技术对土壤水氮与玉米产量的影响[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(6):166-171. Liao Renkuan, Zhang Zhicheng, Ren Shumei, Cheng Chuangsheng, Yang Peiling. Effects of Chemical Integrated Control Technology on Soil Water, Soil Nitrogen and Maize Yield[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(6):166-171.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-08-03
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-06-10
  • 出版日期: 2014-06-10