Compression modeling tests were performed by taking a 9JYK—2000A circular mold briquetting machine as testing apparatus and rice straw as the raw material. According to the experimental result, the effect rules of craft parameters on the energy consumption per ton solid biofuel of straw briquetting machine were analyzed, and the optimal parameter combination was obtained. Based on the Design-Expert 8.0.6 regression analysis method and response surface method, a mathematical model was established by taking fuel consumption per ton as response, to analyze the influence of the four factors, named the moisture content, operation temperature, clearances between rolls and die and the spindle speed. The result indicated that when the raw material had the moisture content of (23.92±3)%, operation temperature of 84.5℃, the gap of roll-die of 2.47mm and the spindle speed of 160.8r/min, the relax density mean was 1.023g/cm3, and the energy consumption per ton was 27.10kW·h/t. The order of contribution rate of every experiment factor on target index was obtained as follows: spindle speed, moisture content, clearances between rolls and die, operation temperature. The relative error between the calculated values and experimental values was 4.50%, which proved that the regression model equations could be used to predict the fuel consumption per ton of circular mold briquetting machine.