The gas-liquid twin-fluid nozzle capitalizes on the substantial velocity difference between the liquid and gas phases to generate high shear stress at the interface, effectively breaking and tearing the continuous liquid phase to produce finely atomized droplets. This process offers numerous advantages, including high atomization efficiency, low energy consumption, a broad range of dosage adjustments, precise control of droplet size distribution, resistance to clogging, strong adaptability to various agents, and high operational efficiency. Consequently, the gas-liquid twin-fluid nozzle has become a crucial component in precision spraying equipment. Firstly, the working principles, classification, and comparative performance of the gas-liquid two-phase nozzle against other types were detailed. Then a comprehensive summary of the fundamental atomization theories, nozzle structural design, simulation methods, experimental research techniques, and performance evaluation metrics was provided. Additionally, the research progress in agricultural pest control applications was discussed. It highlighted open research questions, such as refining the physical model of the atomization process, enhancing atomization performance under low pressure and energy conditions, and determining the benefit boundaries of droplet size. In conclusion, it summarized the performance advantages, challenges, and future issues to be addressed in the application of gas-liquid two-phase nozzles for precision spraying.