Aiming at the problems of insufficient seed filling and difficult seed cleaning caused by irregular shape and uneven size of Pinellia ternata seeds, based on the characteristics of chain flipping motion, a method of using rotational inertia force for seed cleaning was proposed. A chain spoon upturned tail self-cleaning Pinellia ternata precision seeder was designed, which improved the seed filling rate and achieved rapid seed cleaning through the spoon upturned tail structure and water droplet shaped holes. By analyzing the force and motion state of seeds during the working process of the seeder, the working principle of the chain spoon self cleaning seeder with upturned tail was explained. Through theoretical calculations and kinematic analysis, simulation experiments were conducted based on DEM-MBD coupling to analyze the effects of different spoon filling angles, chain tension forces, and spoon shaped hole structural parameters on the performance of the seeder. The structural parameters of the seeder were determined. A quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination simulation experiment was designed to determine the optimal structural parameter combination for spoon shaped holes: spoon shaped hole length was 18.6mm, spoon shaped hole width was 14.1mm, and spoon shaped hole retention depth was 8.6mm. To determine the optimal operating parameters of the seeder, a quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination bench test was conducted with the driving sprocket speed and seed layer height as experimental factors. The experimental results showed that when the driving sprocket speed of the seeder was 39.2r/min and the seed layer height was 206mm, the operational performance of the seeder was optimal, with a qualification index of 93.37%, a replay index of 2.17%, and a leakage index of 4.46%, the research results can provide a reference for the design of seeders for bulbous Chinese medicinal materials.