Aiming to monitor the process of cotton precision seeding and laying film operation for real-time, and improve the intelligence level of the cotton precision film-laying hole seeder, employing white light source color code sensors and high-definition network cameras as primary monitoring components, a cotton precision film-laying hole seeder operation quality monitoring system was designed based on Vision Assistant. The system consisted of three modules: the seeding monitoring module, film-laying monitoring module and visualization module. Among them, the seeding monitoring module included a seeding status monitoring sensor, a proximity switch sensor, etc. the film-laying monitoring module was mainly composed of a high-definition network camera; the visualization module includes data acquisition module, industrial control computer, etc. Using Labview software graphical programming, equipped with a multi-functional industrial computer, this system achieved real-time monitoring of seeding quality (seeding amount, missed seeding amount), film-laying quality (lighting surface width, lighting surface soil covering width, lighting surface damage area), and operation conditions by running specific function programs through function selection controls. The results of the quality monitoring system bench and field test results showed that the system worked stably and reliably, the monitoring accuracy rate of seeding amount reached over 92%, the monitoring accuracy rate of lighting surface width reached over 94%, the monitoring accuracy rate of lighting surface damage area reached over 81%, and the monitoring accuracy of lighting surface soil covering width reached over 90%. It met the actual requirements of the cotton precision film-laying hole seeder operation quality monitoring system and provided technical support for quality evaluation film-laying sowing operation. It was of great significance to improve the quality and efficiency of cotton cultivation.