The failure of nozzle performance is currently the most common and critical issue in plant protection operations. It directly affects the efficacy of pesticide spraying, consequently, has a significant impact on the quality and efficiency of plant protection tasks. Aiming to develop a nozzle performance failure detector for sprayers, enabling accurate evaluation of nozzle failure before field operations and ensuring efficient and precise plant protection. The system used an STM32 microcontroller as the core processing unit, integrating high-precision flow and pressure sensors to collect real-time data from the nozzle tip. The data was transmitted via Bluetooth to the LabVIEW platform, facilitating efficient, visual data analysis, early warnings, and storage to meet real-time nozzle performance monitoring requirements. The experimental results showed that for failed nozzle pressure detection, the maximum pressure measurement error was 2.174% , and the maximum flow measurement error was 1.936% . During the simultaneous performance testing of multiple nozzles, the maximum relative pressure measurement error was 1.515% , with an average error of 0.887% , while the maximum relative flow measurement error was 2.061% , with an average error of 1.151% . During field validation tests of multiple nozzle performances, the maximum relative pressure measurement error was 1.990% , with an average error of 1.629% . The maximum relative flow measurement error was 2.713% , with an average error of 2.014% , meeting the requirements for nozzle performance testing. This device provided a reliable and efficient intelligent method for detecting nozzle performance failures, meeting the technical requirements for pre-operational testing in standardized plant protection tasks.