基于全状态反馈控制的农机自动驾驶曲线路径跟踪方法
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井冈山农高区省级科技专项“揭榜挂帅冶项目(20222 051252)和广东省科技计划项目(2023B0202010023)


Curve Path Tracking Control of Agricultural Machinery Automatic Driving Based on Full State Feedbock Control
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    摘要:

    不规则农田中,沿曲线路径作业可有效提高无人化农机作业适用性。针对当前无人化作业曲边农田作业覆盖率低的问题,本文提出一种基于全状态反馈控制的曲线路径跟踪控制方法。构建一个以横向偏差、航向偏差和航向增量作为状态向量的三阶全状态反馈控制器。将系统线性化并转换为空间矩阵形式,在满足系统稳定性约束的条件下求解增益矩阵,从而获取前轮转角。基于Matlab/Simulink仿真环境对控制器性能进行验证,结果表明,补偿后平均绝对误差相较于补偿前算法降低31%,最大绝对误差降低17.9%。为验证本文所提方法,设计了3组田间试验。变曲率路径试验结果表明,当农机作业速度为0.7m/s时,横向偏差最大值为0.0705m,绝对误差为0.0218m,标准差为0.0234m,航向偏差最大值为12.25°,绝对误差为1.37°,标准差为1.68°;定曲率路径试验结果表明,横向偏差最大值为0.1034m,绝对误差为0.0424m,标准差为0.0477m,航向偏差最大值为8.9°,绝对误差为1.86°,标准差为2.45°;沿曲边田埂跟踪试验结果表明,横向偏差最大值为0.0597m,绝对误差为0.0123m,标准差为0.0158m,航向偏差最大值为7.01°,绝对误差为1.85°,标准差为2.49°。跟踪精度均能满足作业需求,研究结果为无人农机进行复杂多变的曲边作业提供了理论和技术支撑。

    Abstract:

    Working on irregular farmland along a curved path can effectively improve the applicability of unmanned agricultural machinery operations. Aiming at the problem of low coverage of unmanned curved farmland operations, a curved path tracking control method was proposed based on full-state feedback control. A third-order full-state feedback controller with lateral deviation, heading deviation and heading increment as state vectors was constructed. The system was linearized and converted into a spatial matrix form. The gain matrix was solved under the condition of satisfying the system stability constraint to obtain the front wheel steering angle. The front wheel steering angle was compensated according to the curvature of the nearest path point. The controller performance was verified based on the Matlab / Simulink simulation environment. The results showed that the average absolute error after compensation was reduced by 31% compared with that of the algorithm before compensation, and the maximum absolute error was reduced by 17.9% . Three sets of field experiments were designed to verify the proposed method. The test results of variable curvature path showed that when the operating speed of agricultural machinery was 0.7 m/ s, the maximum lateral deviation was 0.070 5 m, the absolute error was 0.021 8 m, the standard deviation was 0.023 4 m, the maximum heading deviation was 12.25°, the absolute error was1.37°, and the standard deviation was 1.68°;the test results of fixed curvature path showed that the maximum lateral deviation was 0.103 4 m, the absolute error was 0.042 4 m, the standard deviation was0.047 7 m, the maximum heading deviation was 8.9°, the absolute error was 1.86°, and the standard deviation was 2.45°;the results of tracking test along curved ridges showed that the maximum lateral deviation was 0.059 7 m, the absolute error was 0.012 3 m, the standard deviation was 0.015 8 m, the maximum heading deviation was 7.01°, the absolute error was 1.85°, and the standard deviation was 2.49°. The tracking accuracy can meet the operational requirements. The research results can provide theoretical and technical support for unmanned agricultural machinery to perform complex and changeable curved edge operations.

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何杰,刘善琪,满忠贤,岳孟东,王靖霆,汪沛,胡炼.基于全状态反馈控制的农机自动驾驶曲线路径跟踪方法[J].农业机械学报,2025,56(2):145-154. HE Jie, LIU Shanqi, MAN Zhongxian, YUE Mengdong, WANG Jingting, WANG Pei, HU Lian. Curve Path Tracking Control of Agricultural Machinery Automatic Driving Based on Full State Feedbock Control[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(2):145-154.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-12
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-02-10
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