With the rapid development of precision agriculture aviation, UAVs have been widely used in the field of agricultural particle spreading by virtue of their efficient and precise advantages. Aerial spreading device is the basis for realising UAV spreading, the key technology of aerial spreading is the key to improve the effect of UAV spreading, and the agronomic management supporting aerial spreading is the guarantee to ensure the quality of aerial seeding. First of all, the development history of UAV spreading technology was outlined, pointing out its importance in improving spreading efficiency, reducing labour and optimizing resource allocation. Existing UAV aerial spreading devices and their key technological research results were highlighted, including key component optimization, parameter preference and detection methods for particle mass flow. The applications of UAVs in various fields such as field seeding, variable fertilizer application, afforestation and grass planting and biological control were summarized. In conclusion, the challenges faced by UAV spreading technology in practical agricultural applications were analyzed, and future research was proposed as follows: continuing to strengthen the innovative design of the aerial spreading device, developing lightweight, modular and intelligent aerial seeding devices;doing research and development of large payload UAVs suitable for low-altitude spreading, improving operational performance and reducing operational costs;strengthening research on supporting agronomic technologies for UAV spreading and strengthening the process control and intelligent decision-making of aerial spreading.