In view of the problems of poor cutting quality, high breakage rate and low degree of automation, the structure of potato cutting machine was improved. Laser sensor and feed shunt device were used to detect the feed speed and regulate the feed speed to improve the feed uniformity and cutting stability. Taking the speed of centrifugal drum, the inclination angle of returning blade and the installation angle of cutting blade as test factors, and the cutting pass rate as test index, the three factors and three horizontal response surface tests were conducted. The test results were analyzed by Design-Expert 10.0.1 software, and the influence of interactive factors on the test index was analyzed through the response surface. The optimal combination of test factors and the verification test were obtained. The results showed that when the speed of centrifugal drum was 224.6r/min, the inclination angle of returning blade was 19.4°, and the installation angle of slicing knife was 292°, the qualified rate of cutting strip was 96.7%, and the damage rate of dividing cutting was 2.0%. On this basis, the feed speed control and adjustment test was carried out. The test results showed that the qualified rate of cutting strip was 96.2%, the breakage rate was 2.4%, the yield was 3.3t/h, the qualified rate of cutting was increased by 7%, the breakage rate was reduced by 4%, the cutting efficiency was increased by 28%, and the cutting quality and efficiency of the potato cutting machine were greatly improved.