温室气体排放与番茄产量对水肥气耦合的响应机制研究
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国家自然科学基金项目(52179046、51309192)


Response Mechanism of Soil Greenhouse Gas Emission and Yield of Greenhouse Tomato to Water-fertilizer-air Coupling
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    摘要:

    为探求温室番茄节水减排优产的灌溉模式,以番茄(金鹏8号)为研究对象,设置I1和I2(对应作物-皿系数kcp为0.8和1.0)2个灌水水平,F1和F2(对应施氮量180kg/hm2和240kg/hm2)2个施氮水平,A1、A2和CK(1倍和2倍文丘里加气量,不加气CK作为对照处理)3个加气水平,采用3因素完全随机设计,共10个处理,每个处理重复3次,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对番茄全生育期温室气体排放进行监测分析,探究土壤CO2、N2O、CH4排放与番茄产量的变化规律;分析灌水水平、施氮水平和加气水平对温室番茄产量和温室气体排放的影响,综合全球净增温潜势(Net global warming potential, NGWP)和温室气体排放强度(Greenhouse gas intensity, GHGI),提出以节水减排高产为目标的温室番茄水肥气一体化滴灌管理模式。结果表明:灌溉水平和施氮水平增大均会增加土壤CO2、N2O排放通量,I2处理较I1处理平均增加24.8%(P<0.05)与14.8%(P>0.05),F2处理比F1处理平均增加8.6%(P>0.05)与34.9%(P<0.05);加气灌溉对土壤CO2、N2O排放通量有显著影响,与CK处理相比,A1和A2处理分别平均增加5.5%、10.0%(P>0.05)和20.9%、62.9%(P<0.05)。番茄全生育期内土壤CH4排放通量呈现土壤为CH4的汇,灌水水平增大会增加土壤CH4排放通量,而施氮水平增加则会减小CH4排放通量,I2处理比I1处理平均增加27.8%(P<0.05),F2处理比F1处理平均减少25.5%(P<0.05);加气、施氮和灌水会显著增加番茄产量(P<0.05)。综合考虑经济因素和生态因素,A1F2I1处理效益最佳,即加气水平A1、施氮水平F2、灌水水平I1的组合策略可以兼顾节水优产减排要求,为西北地区温室番茄较优灌溉模式。

    Abstract:

    In order to seek the irrigation mode of greenhouse tomato land water conservation, emission reduction and superior yield, taking tomato (Jinpeng 8) as the research object, the experiment set I1 and I2 (corresponding to the crop-dish coefficient kcp 0.8 and 1.0) two irrigation levels, F1 and F2 (corresponding to the application of nitrogen 180kg/hm2 and 240kg/hm2) two nitrogen application levels with A1, A2 and CK (1 time and 2 times Venturi aeration, respectively, without aeration CK was used as control treatment) as three aeration levels, a three-factor completely randomized design with ten treatments, each treatment repeated three times, was used to monitor and analyze the greenhouse gas emissions during the whole life cycle of tomato by static dark box-gas chromatography, and to investigate the changing patterns of soil CO2, N2.O and CH4 emissions and tomato yield. The effects of irrigation level, nitrogen application level and gas addition level on the yield and greenhouse gas emission of greenhouse tomato were analyzed, and the net global warming potential (NGWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) were synthesized, so as to put forward the greenhouse tomato water-fertilizer-airintegrated drip irrigation management mode with the goal of water conservation, emission reduction and high yield. The results showed that increasing irrigation level and nitrogen application level both increased soil CO2 and N2O emission fluxes, with an average increase of 24.8% (P<0.05) versus 14.8% (P>0.05) in the I2 treatment compared with that in the I1 treatment, and an average increase of 86% (P>0.05) versus 34.9% (P<0.05) in the F2 treatment compared with that in the F1 treatment. Aerated irrigation had a significant effect on soil CO2 and N2O emission fluxes, which increased by an average of 5.5% and 10.0% (P>0.05) in A1, 20.9% and 62.9% (P<0.05) in A2 treatments, respectively, as compared with that in CK treatment. Soil CH4 emission fluxes during the whole tomato reproductive period did not have a significant pattern of change, showing the soil as a sink for CH4, increasing irrigation level would increase soil CH4 emission fluxes, while increasing nitrogen application level would reduce CH4 emission fluxes, I2 treatment increased by 27.8% on average compared with I1(P<0.05), and F2 treatment decreased by 25.5% on average compared with F1(P<0.05). Aerating, the fertilization and irrigation significantly increased tomato yield (P<0.05). Considering the economic and ecological factors, the benefits of A1F2I1 treatment were the best, the combination strategy of aerating level A1, applying nitrogen level F2, and irrigating level I1 can take into account the requirements of water conservation and superior yield reduction, and provide a reference for the better irrigation mode of greenhouse tomato in Northwest China.

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孙亚楠,段琳博,钟华昱,蔡焕杰,王晓云,赵政鑫.温室气体排放与番茄产量对水肥气耦合的响应机制研究[J].农业机械学报,2024,55(5):312-322. SUN Ya’nan, DUAN Linbo, ZHONG Huayu, CAI Huanjie, WANG Xiaoyun, ZHAO Zhengxin. Response Mechanism of Soil Greenhouse Gas Emission and Yield of Greenhouse Tomato to Water-fertilizer-air Coupling[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(5):312-322.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-17
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-01-09
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