To enhance the accuracy of simulating charcoal loading, hole pressing, and overlaying in the hole tray seeding process, based on the material properties of charcoal, the Edinburgh Elasto-Plastic Adhesion (EEPA) model was selected to establish a discrete element simulation model of charcoal in EDEM software. The peat parameters were calibrated through shaft-closed compression and virtual simulation tests, while the density, particle size distribution, and contact parameters of peat were measured through physical experiments. Significance analysis experiments were designed by using Plackett-Burman Design and the steepest climbing test to determine the restitution coefficient, static friction coefficient, tangential stiffness factor, and shear of peat, with modulus having a significant effect. A quadratic polynomial regression model was established between the response value and four significant parameters using the central composite design test. The axial pressures of 3.83N and 91.45N corresponding to the uniaxial closed compression of 20% and 50% axial strain were used as target values for testing the significant parameters. After optimization, the optimal combination was determined to be a recovery coefficient of 0.202 between peat plants, a static friction coefficient of 0.595 between peat plants, a tangential stiffness factor of 0.667, and a peat shear modulus of 0.613MPa. Finally, the simulated values and the measured values under this parameter combination were compared and verified. The average error between the measured values and the simulated values in the axial strain range of 20% to 50% was approximately 8.08%, with the relative error reaching the maximum value of 15.34% at about 40% of axial strain. These results demonstrated that the EEPA model parameters calibrated based on the response surface method can be used for discrete element simulation research.