Hilly mountainous areas of tea plantation soil crust, gravel is more, the use of traditional rotary or mobile furrowing machine will appear to hit the stone jump knife, the knife can not enter the soil, the furrow is not deep, the operation has the problem of high resistance. In view of the above problems, according to the artificial shoveling has the spontaneity to complete the optimal operating path with the lowest power consumption characteristics, the design of crank linkage mechanism device imitating the action of artificial shoveling, and the development of small-scale tea plantation reciprocating trenching and loosening machine were done. Through the analysis of artificial shovel shoveling action, the establishment of the soil into the soil, cut the soil, throw the soil movement model was carried out, based on Matlab software analysis to get the artificial shovel tip trajectory fitting equation, taking this equation as a benchmark, the crank linkage mechanism of the objective function, combined with the constraints of the crank rocker mechanism was established to solve the structural parameters, and at the same time on the trenching shovel for the analysis of the resistance to trenching, to determine the structural parameters of the trenching shovel. Coupled Recurdyn and EDEM furrowing shovel-soil interaction simulation model was established, and a three-factor, three-level orthogonal test was conducted to optimize the operational and structural parameters, and the optimal parameter combinations were obtained as follows: the forward speed v of the implement was 0.06m/s, the rotational speed of the crank was 42r/min, and the inclination angle of the soil entry φ was 80°. The field test showed that the average furrowing depth of reciprocating furrowing and loosening machine operation in tea plantation was 211.5mm, the power consumption of furrowing was 0.119kW, and the coefficient of stability of trench depth was 90.9%, which reduced the power consumption of furrowing by 6.3% and the coefficient of stability of furrow depth was increased by 3.1 percentage points and the quality of the whole machine operation satisfied the agronomic requirements.