规模化猪场固粪好氧快速发酵工艺与设备研究
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国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0213305)、河北省重点研发计划项目(20327314D)、河北省现代农业产业技术体系生猪创新团队建设项目(HBCT2018110206)、河北省农林科学院创新工程项目(2019-1-4-02)和石家庄市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(201080312A)


Design and Experiment of Rapid Compost Process and Equipment by Using Solid Manure on Scale Pig Farm
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    摘要:

    针对中小规模养猪场粪污收集与利用处理效率低、利用技术不配套等问题,以存栏量2000头的养猪场为例,计算了粪污的产生和收集量,结合养猪现有设施基础,设计了“日产日清、原位处理”的猪粪好氧快速发酵高温无害化处理工艺,设计了一种智能好氧高温发酵罐,并按照工艺设计要求,在养猪场进行了试验。结果表明:养殖规模为2000头的养猪场,每天产生含水率60%的固粪1.2t,主要构筑物占地面积485.5m2,其中设备占地13.2m2;猪粪发酵前后全氮损失率为8.3%,全磷损失率为1.7%,全钾损失率为0;发酵产物含水率为43%、蛔虫卵死亡率100%、粪大肠菌群数小于3个/g,均达到相关行业无害化卫生要求标准;当环境温度为10~25℃时,发酵罐平均能耗为63.5kW·h/d。

    Abstract:

    The small and medium-sized scale pig farm in China has problems such as low efficiency of collection and utilization of manure, lack of corresponding processing equipment. Aerobic composting is an effective technology for the treatment and reuse of solid organic wastes in the form of organic fertilizer. The rapidly high temperature aerobic composting process and experiment were determined by calculating the amount of manure generation and collection, combined with the pig existing infrastructure on a scale farm with 2000 pigs. Then the equipment was verified in this pig farm. The results showed that 60% of the daily production wastes was solid manure which was about 1.2t and the main structure covered an area of 485.5m2 in which equipment covered an area of 13.2m2. The total nitrogen loss rate, total phosphorus loss rate and total potassium loss rate during the rapid aerobic compost process was 8.3%, 1.7% and 0, respectively. In addition, the moisture content of compost was 43% and the death rate of lumbricoid egg was 100%. Also, the number of fecal coliforms was less than 3CFU/g. These indicated the compost reached the standard of harmless hygiene in relevant industries. The average daily energy consumption of the fermentation tank was 63.5kW·h/d under the environmental conditions of 10~25℃. The adoption of this technical mode and equipment can realize daily cleaning, in situ treatment, timely conversion and return it to the field, which provided technical and equipment support for the harmless utilization of feces in small and medium-sized pig farms.

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袁兴茂,李霄鹤,吴海岩,张俊杰,胡栋,孙太福.规模化猪场固粪好氧快速发酵工艺与设备研究[J].农业机械学报,2021,52(9):355-360. YUAN Xingmao, LI Xiaohe, WU Haiyan, ZHANG Junjie, HU Dong, SUN Taifu. Design and Experiment of Rapid Compost Process and Equipment by Using Solid Manure on Scale Pig Farm[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(9):355-360.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-11-03
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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-09-10
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