基于骨架点的矮化密植枣树三维点云自动配准
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国家自然科学基金项目(31870347)


Three-dimensional Point Cloud Automatic Registration for Dwarf and Dense Planted Jujube Tree Based on Skeleton Points
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    摘要:

    为了实现枣园的自动化管理,针对枣树自动化选择性冬剪作业要求,需要重建出矮化密植无叶枣树枝干的三维模型。利用2台固定的Azure Kinect DK深度相机搭建获取枣树点云信息的三维重建系统平台,然后把系统平台逆时针旋转55°获取同一棵枣树的另一帧三维点云信息。为了自动完成2帧点云的配准,提出了基于骨架点的枣树点云配准方法:首先利用FPFH特征描述子计算骨架点的特征向量,并采用SAC-IA(采样一致性)算法对2个视角下的枣树骨架点云进行初始匹配;其次利用经典的ICP算法对初始位姿进行优化;最终只采用2个视角下的点云重建枣树枝干的三维模型。实验对比了在3种典型自然环境下(晴天、阴天、夜间)枣树点云的配准精度和配准时间,结果表明:晴天时对采集系统有一定的影响,使得配准后的枣树枝干有部分不完整;阴天和夜间对采集系统影响小,能够重建出完整的枣树枝干;相对于阴天和夜间,晴天时,枣树点云配准耗时最少,为0.09s,而配准误差最大,其拟合分数为0.00029;阴天时,枣树点云配准时间介于晴天和夜间之间,为0.12s,而此时配准误差最小,其拟合分数为0.00011;夜间配准误差介于晴天和阴天,且此时配准时间最长,为0.16s。

    Abstract:

    The current planting pattern of dwarf and dense jujube tree was increasingly conducive to mechanized harvesting, spraying and automated pruning, in which pruning of jujube tree removed redundant or overgrown branches and controlled tree structure to increase yield and extend life cycle. There were two main pruning methods: artificial pruning and whole geometric pruning. The quality of artificial pruning which was low efficiency, high labor cost and labor intensity was high. Higher efficiency can be achieved through whole geometric pruning with pruning machine adopted fixed distance, but wrong and missing pruning was serious. Automatic selective pruning reduced cost of labor, with a large number of useful branches being protected. In order to meet the requirement of automatic selective pruning of jujube tree, a complete 3D model of tree was needed. To ensure that two frames of point clouds of two fixed cameras were matched together with high accuracy, point cloud registration revisited algorithm was used. A system platform was built with two Azure Kinect DK depth cameras to obtain two fames of point clouds of a same tree in two positions with 55 degrees rotation difference. In order to register these two frames automatically, skeleton points based registration pipeline was proposed. Firstly, skeleton points’eigenvectors were calculated with fast point feature histograms (FPFH). Then, sample consensus initial alignment (SAC-IA) was applied for rough registering. Finally, fine registration with ICP algorithm was done with KD-tree acceleration to obtain a completed 3D branches model. The registration precision and time for the different natural environments were compared in the experiment, and results showed that illumination had a significant influence on the number of point clouds of jujube tree collected by the system. As a result, jujube branches 3D model were partially incomplete in sunny days, while complete jujube branches can be reconstructed in cloudy days and at night. In sunny days, the registration time was the minimum, only 0.09s, and error was the largest with fitting score of 0.00029;in cloudy day the registration time was 0.12s between sunny days and night, and the error was the smallest with fitting score of 0.00011. Compared with sunny and cloudy days, registration time was the longest at 0.16s at night, and the error was between sunny and cloudy days.

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马保建,鄢金山,王乐,蒋焕煜.基于骨架点的矮化密植枣树三维点云自动配准[J].农业机械学报,2021,52(9):24-32. MA Baojian, YAN Jinshan, WANG Le, JIANG Huanyu. Three-dimensional Point Cloud Automatic Registration for Dwarf and Dense Planted Jujube Tree Based on Skeleton Points[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(9):24-32.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-10-14
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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-09-10
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