Aiming at enhancing the mechanization level of potato microseed planting, a vibrationarranging based seeder for potato microseed was designed. The seeder consisted of seeding device, seed dropping adjustment mechanism, ditching device, and soil and ridging device, which can complete several working procedures in a single pass, such as ditching, seeding, soil covering and ridging. Based on the principle of forced vibration, potato microseeds were arranged and seeded in single row, and some seeds failed to arrange in single row were reseeded by vibration plate. The key structural and working parameters of seeding device were confirmed according to the physical characteristics of potato microseed and agronomy requirements. An adjusting plate with reciprocating motion of high frequency and low amplitude was applied to microchange the size of seeddropping mouth in dynamic conditions. By this way, the stored seeds forming arch in seed box would be avoided. Furthermore, discrete element simulation was used to clarify the reasonable vibration frequency and revolving speed of adjusting plate and driving shaft, respectively. Ditching device, soil covering and ridging device were arranged from front to back, so as to sequentially complete ditching, soil covering and ridging. Key parameters of the ditching opener and doubledisc were determined by theoretical analysis. As indicated in the field experiment, at the working speed of 5km/h, the multipleseeding index, missseeding index, qualifiedseeding index and qualifiedseeding depth rate were 4.6%, 5.6%, 89.8% and 96.5%, respectively. Results showed that performance indexes of the seeder all met the relevant work quality evaluation specification requirements. The research can provide reference for the development of mechanical planting of potato microseed.