减压浓缩对沼液CO 2 吸收性能和植物生理毒性的影响
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国家自然科学基金项目(51376078)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2015PY077)


Effect of Vacuum Concentration on CO 2 Absorption Performance and Phytotoxicity of Biogas Slurry
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    摘要:

    利用减压浓缩试验装置在50℃和2 kPa下对沼液进行浓缩,分别测试了沼液、沼液浓缩相及冷凝回收稀相的CO 2 吸收性能和植物生理毒性。结果表明,沼液减压浓缩到4倍时,沼液浓缩相pH值升高至8.73,其饱和CO 2 吸收负荷增加26.70%,氨氮去除率为86.41%。浓缩相中的大部分氨氮以自由氨的形式转移到沼液稀相中,使稀相pH值达到10.05,饱和CO 2 吸收负荷达0.075 mol/L。但浓缩相和稀相的净CO 2 吸收容量之和比原沼液降低21.3%,其主要原因在于减压浓缩过程中自由氨的挥发损失。用原沼液、浓缩沼液及稀相的富CO 2 溶液育种时,大白菜种子的发芽指数(GI)均大于0.8,表现出较低的植物生理毒性,说明减压浓缩可降低消纳沼液所需的农田面积。试验中也对不同类型CO 2 吸收强化添加剂的性能进行了比较。在相同的CO 2 吸收强化性能要求下,钠盐添加剂组富CO 2 沼液的植物生理毒性低于氨水添加剂组,其主要原因在于添加氨水导致了沼液氨氮含量的大幅增加。

    Abstract:

    Raw biogas slurry (RBS) was concentrated to obtain the concentrated biogas slurry (CBS) and the diluted phase (DP) condensed by the gas phase under the conditions of 50℃ and 2 kPa in vacuum concentration device. CO 2 absorption performances of RBS, CBS and DP were investigated, and the germination index (GI) values of Chinese cabbage seeds germinated by these solutions after CO 2 absorption were evaluated as well. Results showed that when the concentration degree of RBS was about 4, the pH value of CBS was increased from 7.87 to 8.73, and its saturated CO 2 loading was increased by about 26.70%. Additionally, the removal efficiency of ammonium nitrogen was up to 86.41% due to the conversion of ammonium nitrogen into free ammonia and then extracted from biogas slurry by vacuum operation. Most of the free ammonia was condensed and collected into the DP. Therefore, DP’s pH value and CO 2 loading were up to 10.05 and 0.075 mol/L, respectively. However, the net CO 2 absorption capacity contributed by CBS and DP was 21.3% lower than that of RBS due to the volatile loss of ammonia during concentration. Results from the germination of Chinese cabbage seeds by the CO 2 -rich solutions of RBS, CBS and DP showed that all the GI values were higher than 0.8, implying their low phytotoxicities. The result implied that concentrating RBS may result in the decrease of the cropland area required to dispose the biogas slurry. Moreover, CO 2 absorption enhancement by adding different additives was investigated and compared as well. Aiming at the same saturated CO 2 loading value, adding sodium salts into biogas slurry was superior to adding ammonia additives in terms of low phytotoxicity, which may be attributed to the great increase of ammonium nitrogen concentration in the latter solutions.

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贺清尧,王文超,蔡凯,晏水平,张衍林.减压浓缩对沼液CO 2 吸收性能和植物生理毒性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(2):200-207. He Qingyao, Wang Wenchao, Cai Kai, Yan Shuiping, Zhang Yanlin. Effect of Vacuum Concentration on CO 2 Absorption Performance and Phytotoxicity of Biogas Slurry[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(2):200-207.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-08-18
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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-02-25
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