Aim at avoiding seed missing and enhancing working quality of sower, based on the PIC single-chip microcomputer control technology, a monitoring system was designed and applied to monitor the pneumatic no-tillage sower’s performance. The general structure and system circuit of the pneumatic sower monitoring system were designed, and the correlation parameters were set. The fan rotational speed, walking speed, planting area, and material level of pneumatic seeder were monitored real-timely by using the monitoring system. The experimental results showed that the pneumatic sower monitoring system had high precision measurement accuracy. It could complete real-time monitoring of working process.