Under mesophilic temperature (35℃), the component changes of rice straw before and after anaerobic fermentation were compared. Results show that gas production of amination pretreatment straw is the largest, and VS gas production is 356.80mL/g, 11.70% higher than the control group; the maximum of methane is achieved 70% above, which shows no significant difference between each group. Lignocellulose content presented down trend after anaerobic fermentation, and degradation rate is proportional to the gas production. Compared with the original rice straw, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin degradation rates of amination pretreatment straw are 28.49%, 51.73% and 7.13% respectively.