The working conditions of the large high clearance sprayer are complex and changeable, and the performance requirements of the suspension are different for the working scenarios with frequent switching of different road conditions. The traditional suspension system cannot meet the different vibration reduction requirements of the sprayer under multiple working conditions. In order to effectively improve the vibration reduction performance of large sprayer under different road conditions and effectively reduce energy consumption, a multi working condition active suspension control system based on road condition recognition was proposed. Firstly, the typical working conditions of the sprayer were analyzed, the road roughness characteristics were estimated online in real time, and the mapping relationship between the road surface characteristics and the suspension model was established. Then, the variable step size firefly algorithm was used to optimize the damping coefficient of the skyhook and the groundhook under each working condition, so as to effectively integrate the semi-active and active vibration reduction control methods, and design the upper and lower layers control system of the sprayer hydro pneumatic suspension. Finally, the field dynamic performance of the sprayer equipped with the control algorithm was tested. The test results showed that compared with the traditional suspension, the ride comfort of the active suspension on cement and farmland roads was increased by 11.0% and 22.8%, respectively, and the handling stability was improved by 24.5% and 3.4%, respectively. The control system proposed can effectively solve the contradiction between driving smoothness and handling stability of sprayer under different working conditions. The superiority of multi working condition active vibration control method based on road feature estimation was verified.