Aiming at the randomness of sugarcane growth, which causes the feeding amount of the harvester to vary from large to small, which can easily lead to blockage or low efficiency in the transportation of the whole rod sugarcane harvester, a conveying control system for the whole rod sugarcane harvester was designed. By building a sugarcane harvester experimental platform, based on dynamic torque sensors, PLC control system, hydraulic system and servo motor system, real-time adjustment was made to match the conveying capacity of the sugarcane harvester with the feeding amount, reducing sugarcane blockage. The results of the sugarcane conveying control experiment showed that after installing the conveying control system, the average conveying speeds of sugarcane at each experimental level were 4.06m/s, 3.42m/s, 3.04m/s, and 2.42m/s, which were significantly improved compared with those without the control system. Moreover, the conveying capacity of the harvester (the walking speed of the harvester and the speed of each conveying roller) returned to its initial value after the peak feeding rate, ensuring the efficiency of field harvesting work. The average blockage rate of the regulation experiment was reduced to 5%, and the conveying regulation system had a significant effect on alleviating conveying blockage.