面向驾驶员心理负荷的拖拉机智能操纵台优化设计
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国家自然科学基金项目(32201671)、中国科协科技智库青年人才计划项目(20220615ZZ07110119)和中国农业大学2115人才工程项目


Optimization of Tractor Intelligent Console for Driver’s Psychological Load
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    摘要:

    集成化智能操纵台为高端农机的核心共性部件,广泛应用于拖拉机、喷雾机、收获机等大型农机装备,作为与驾驶员直接接触的媒介,对驾驶员的身心健康具有直接影响。针对驾驶员田间作业强度大、心理负荷高的问题,按照驾驶员主动健康要求,选择国产典型操纵台,基于感性工学理论,构建心理负荷指标体系,开展拖拉机智能操纵台的静态人机半物理试验,建立心理负荷主成分模型,优化设计面向最低心理负荷的操纵台。首先,构建心理负荷评价体系,基于国产大型拖拉机实机搭建人机半物理试验台,选择实际犁耕工况的驾驶员操控视频,设计试验方案;其次,选择10名具有驾驶经验的拖拉机驾驶员进行试验,记录心理负荷各指标数据;再次,根据试验数据进行心理负荷主成分建模,分析操纵台优化前的心理负荷设计缺陷;最后,基于主成分分析结果,面向心理负荷最小化要求,应用人机工程学理论从界面元素分布、元素颜色、元素形状等方面优化操纵台,得到优化后的操纵台并进行试验验证。结果表明,驾驶员的心理负荷主要由疲劳感受因素与疲劳缓解因素叠加而成;优化前操纵台的心理舒适性平均分为0.403,其中,疲劳感受因素的主要方面为视觉及头颈疲劳(权重为0.458),疲劳缓解因素的主要方面为作业自我效能感受(权重为0.578);优化后的操纵台心理舒适性平均分提升为2.048,能显著缓解心理负荷。本文研究成果可为当前智能拖拉机驾驶舒适性设计提供一定参考依据,助力补齐农机装备主动健康理论短板。

    Abstract:

    The humanized and less humanized operation is still the main working mode of the current mechanized operation. As the core common component of the highend agricultural machinery, the integrated intelligent console is widely used in tractors, sprayers, harvesters and other large agricultural machinery equipment. As a medium of direct contact with the driver, it has a direct impact on the physical and mental health of the driver. Aiming at the problem of high strength and high psychological load of manual operation, and the requirements of operators’ active health, the domestic typical console was selected. Based on Kansei engineering theory,the psychological load index system was constructed, and the static manmachine semiphysical test of tractor intelligent console was carried out. The principal component model of psychological load was established, and the console based on minimum psychological load was optimized. Firstly, the psychological load evaluation system was constructed, and the manmachine semiphysical test bed was built based on the domestic large tractor. The actual driving video of ploughing condition was selected and the test scheme was designed. Secondly, totally 10 drivers with tractor driving experience were selected to test and record the psychological load index data. Thirdly, the principal component model of psychological load was established according to the experimental data, and the design defects of the psychological load of the console before optimization were analyzed. Finally, based on the results of principal component analysis, in order to minimize the psychological load, the manmachine engineering theory was applied to optimize the console from the aspects of interface element distribution, element color and shape. The optimized console was obtained and then verified by experiments.The results showed that the psychological load of the driver was mainly composed of fatigue perception factors and fatigue mitigation factors. The average psychological comfort score of the console before optimization was 0.403. The main fatigue perception factor was visual and neck fatigue (weight: 0.458), and the main fatigue mitigation factor was job selfefficacy (weight: 0.578). The average score of the optimized console psychological comfort was increased to 2.048, which can significantly alleviate the psychological load. The research results can provide some reference for the design of comfort of intelligent tractors, and it can help to improve the design theories of agricultural machinery equipment active health.

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郭苇洁,宋正河,杨晓,李臻,李文杰,罗振豪.面向驾驶员心理负荷的拖拉机智能操纵台优化设计[J].农业机械学报,2022,53(s1):340-347. GUO Weijie, SONG Zhenghe, YANG Xiao, LI Zhen, LI Wenjie, LUO Zhenhao. Optimization of Tractor Intelligent Console for Driver’s Psychological Load[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(s1):340-347.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-30
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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-11-10
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