The scientific division of detailed types of rural residential areas and the systematic analysis of their internal structures are the important basis for the compilation of village development plans and the implementation of different renovation measures. Taking the existing residential areas as the same object, the internal structures and regional differences in Miyun Distirct were studied deeply based on the detailed classification data of rural residential areas and the conservation scope of the Miyun District. Comprehensive methods such as Weaver-Thomas combination coefficient, Lorenz-curve, Gini-coefficient and landscape pattern analysis were applied to analyze the internal structure characteristics of rural residential areas. Three main results were found as follows: the rural residential areas in Miyun District were dominated by living space, supplemented by production and ecological space. The main types of uses included residence, agricultural production, industrial production and business travel service. As for spatial characteristics, the distribution of living space in rural residential areas was the most balanced, followed by the production space and ecological space. In addition, the proportion of ecological space in rural residential areas was higher inside water conservation zone than that outside this area. The types of uses of rural residential areas were various and the landscape showed the characteristic of fragmentation. Compared with the landscape outside the water conservation zone, the landscape inside this area was more aggregated and regular, indicating that the internal structures of rural residential areas were affected by the demarcation and management of water conservation zone to a certain extent. The research result can provide a reference for the efficient utilization and orderly renovation of land in rural areas.