Miss-seeding of a belt-spoon type potato seed metering device can cause significant congenital yield loss. Through analysis of the working process of a seed metering device, a miss-seeding detection module was designed. This miss-seeding detection method needed to design a detection hole on the seed metering device protection shell，seed belt and sensor protection plate. The detection process used the opposite photoelectric sensor. This miss-seeding detection method did not require a location sensor to determine the location of the spoon. By analyzing the actual working requirements of the seeder，a compensation module using electromagnet push rod for compensation was designed. This compensation method would not affect the actual working efficiency of the seeder，and it can ensure the qualified rate of plant spacing after supplementary inoculation. Through the circuit design，hardware selection and mechanical structure design of detection module，compensation module，single chip microcomputer module，display module and sound and light alarm module，the design of miss-seeding detection and compensation system was completed. The control system software was designed by analyzing the control requirements of the entire control system. In order to ensure that the response time of the compensation module can meet the requirements of continuous compensation，the response speed of the compensation module was analyzed by means of high-speed camera technology. The results showed that the supplementary inoculation module could meet the continuous compensation requirement of the metering device at the fastest operating speed of 6.8km/h. In order to test the success rate of miss detection and compensation of the system，by building a test rig for performance testing. When the speed of the seed metering belt was varied from 0.14m/s to 0.54m/s，the original missseeding rate was changed from 5.9% to 11.4%. After compensation by the proposed system, the final miss-seeding rate was varied from 0.9% to 2.1%. The success rate of the miss-seeding detection module was 100%. The average success rate of automatic compensation was 83.0%. In the test speed range，and relatively stable with increased belt line speed. In the range of test speed，with the increase of seed belt line speed，the system miss-seeding detection was accurate and the success rate of compensation was stable. The missing sowing detection and supplementary inoculation system can effectively reduce the missing sowing rate of spoon potato metering device during operation.