Aiming at the problems of straw folding, rolling, pulling, rolling, cutting, rubbing and other problems in the process of cotton straw lifting, a double flexible belt wrapping and curved continuous drawing method was proposed for straw harvesting, and a belt was studied and designed. The cotton straw harvester with clips was composed of a hydraulic transmission system, a distributor, a belt clip traction device, a tension device and a rear threepoint suspension device. The key part of the machine was the belt clamp tensioning device, which can be pulled out by winding the clamp. Through three factors and three levels of quadratic regression orthogonal test, the influence of different factors on the yield of cotton stalks was studied, and multiple quadratic regression models of missing and breaking rate response values were established, and the working parameters were optimized and onsite verified. The test was conducted. The optimal value was drive wheel speed of 272.3r/min, the pull angle of 38.65°, the machine forward speed of 2.5km/h, and the leakage rates and breaking rate of 1.85% and 7.72%, respectively. In the verification test, when the advancing speed was 2.5km/h, the traction angle was 40°, and the driving wheel was 270r/min, the leakage rate and breaking rate were 6.84% and 9.98%, which was basically consistent with the predicted value, and the mode was reasonable; various factors had a significant effect on the leakage rate of cotton straw. Gender order: machine forward speed, drive wheel speed and pull angle; important order: drive wheel speed, traction angle and machine forward speed. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent structural improvement and performance improvement of the harvester with cotton stalks.