In order to strengthen the protection of quantity, quality and ecology of arable land, it is necessary to grasp the situation of farmland comprehensively. From the perspective of cultivated land and its surrounding ecosystem, the framework of cultivated land health productivity was constructed as “demand-function-dimension-element-index”, which included two dimensions of cultivated land productivity and cultivated land health, and five dimensions of climatic conditions, soil characteristics, utilization status, environmental stress status and beneficial ecological status. Then, according to the characteristics of the study area, the evaluation index system of cultivated land health productivity was established. At the same time, the key indicators such as vegetation coverage and biodiversity were obtained by using domestic GF-1 remote sensing data, and the healthy productivity of cultivated land was evaluated objectively. Finally, Da’an City, Jilin Province, in the Songnen Plain of China, was selected as the research area to carry out case studies. The results showed that in Da’an City, totally 40.35% and 52.07% of the total cultivated land were health-superior and health-inferior cultivated lands, respectively, while 7.58% was sub-health-superior and sub-health-inferior cultivated land. The health status of cultivated land was generally good, and the productivity of cultivated land was relatively low;the healthy productivity of cultivated land was mainly affected by the utilization and beneficial ecological conditions, and the influence of soil characteristics was the second. The evaluation system of farmland health productivity was an extension of the existing evaluation methods of cultivated land, which can provide scientific support for rational utilization and sustainable development of cultivated land.