玉米全膜双垄沟残膜回收机改进设计与试验
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农业部公益性行业科研专项(201503105)和国家自然科学基金项目(51775115、51405086)


Improved Design and Experiment of Collector for Corn Whole Plastic Film Mulching on Double Ridges
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    摘要:

    针对现有玉米全膜双垄沟残膜回收机作业过程中存在起膜齿仿形效果差、易拥堵,以及卷膜辊集膜、卸膜性能不理想等问题,对该机具的仿形弹齿部分和卷膜装置部分进行了改进设计。整个仿形弹齿由多个单铰接起膜齿和凸轮轴组成,每个单铰接起膜齿在凸轮轴的作用下可以实现单独仿形,且能完成相邻两起膜齿在空间上的间歇运动,以解决起膜装置局部仿形能力差、壅土及相互搂膜干涉问题;卷膜装置由主、从动滚筒及变径卷膜辊组成,其中,改进设计的变径卷膜辊依靠手动拉杆和内置弹簧实现外轮廓直径可变,优化后的活动叶片通过内外齿的啮合使其在打开与闭合状态下都能保证其外轮廓为“封闭”的圆柱体,从动滚筒外围加装了人字形输送齿,使得卷膜装置整体在工作时运转更加平稳,变径卷膜辊与主、从动滚筒可以始终保持接触,避免了因摩擦力突变引起的变径卷膜辊在主、从动滚筒上方停滞不转动的现象。通过分析偏心拨齿滚筒的搂集、抛送和脱落过程,确定了偏心拨齿滚筒的最小转速为164.92r/min。结合正交试验,以地膜回收率、缠膜率和含土率为评价指标,应用综合评分法得出作业机工作时各显著性参数对其各指标的综合性能影响主次顺序为:机具前进速度、反向刮膜板转速、偏心拨齿滚筒转速、凸轮轴转速。田间试验表明,在机具作业3.km/h、输送辊转速140.4r/min、凸轮轴转速130.6r/min、偏心拨齿滚筒转速为183.6r/min、反向刮膜板轴转速为120.8r/min时,残膜回收率为90.26%,缠膜率为1.94%,含土率为25.41%,满足全膜双垄沟残膜回收技术要求,为残膜回收机具的设计提供了参考依据。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problems of poor profiling effect, easy congestion, unsatisfactory film collecting and unloading performance of the existing collector machine for corn whole plastic film mulching on double ridges, the improved design of part of profiling elastic tooth and film rolling device of the machine were carried out. The profiling teeth were made up of a plurality of single articulated film tooth and camshafts. Each single articulated film tooth can be modeled individually, and the two adjacent film teeth were arranged in space under the action of camshaft, so as to solve the problem of poor local copying ability, the soil and interference of cuddle film. The film rolling device was made up of driving roller, driven roller and curl-up film roller with variable diameter. Among them, relying on the manual pull rod and the built-in spring, the outer contour diameter of curl-up film roller was achieved. The optimized movable blade can ensure that its outer contour was a closed cylinder through the engagement of the inner and outer teeth. And the outer ring of the driven roller was installed with the conveyer teeth, so that the whole roll film device can operate more smoothly in the work, and the curl-up film roller with variable diameter can always keep in contact with the driving roller and the driven roller. It avoided the phenomenon that the curl-up film roller with variable diameter stayed on the top of driving and driven roller because of the sudden change of friction force. By analyzing the assembling, throwing and dropping process of the eccentric gear roller, the minimum rotation speed of the eccentric gear roller was determined to be 164.92r/min. Combined with orthogonal test, taking the recovery rate of plastic film, wrapping rate and soil content as evaluation indexes, the synthetical scored method was used to obtain the order of influence of significant parameters on comprehensive performance of each index when the machine was working as: the forward speed of the machine, reverse scraping diaphragm velocity, eccentric pick film roller velocity and the camshaft velocity. The field experimental results showed that the recovery rate of residual film was 90.26%, the film wrapping rate was 1.94% and the soil content was 25.41%, when the machine speed was 3km/h, the conveyor roller velocity was 140.4r/min, camshaft velocity was 130.6r/min, eccentric pick film roller velocity was 183.6r/min and reverse scraping diaphragm velocity was 120.8r/min. The results met the technical requirements of residual film recovery in corn double ridges furrow and provided a reference for the design of residual film recovery equipment.

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辛尚龙,赵武云,戴飞,王久鑫,刘小龙,吴正文.玉米全膜双垄沟残膜回收机改进设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(s1):311-319. XIN Shanglong, ZHAO Wuyun, DAI Fei, WANG Jiuxin, LIU Xiaolong, WU Zhengwen. Improved Design and Experiment of Collector for Corn Whole Plastic Film Mulching on Double Ridges[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(s1):311-319.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-14
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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-11-10
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