In order to realize the pest information automatic collection and monitoring for Sogatella furcifera, an automatic recognition method based on convolutional neural network was presented and its application was carried out. The images of Sogatella furcifera were collected in the natural state of the field by using the improved automatic acquisition system for insect images in field environment and the acquired images were normalized. Six hundred of images were randomly selected from the normalized images as training set and three hundred ones were chosen as test set. The convolution operation was performed on the training set with 5×5 convolution kernel and the acquired feature graphs were pooled in a 2×2 neighborhood. After the convolution operation and 3×3 neighborhood pooling operation, the network model parameters were obtained by using automatic learning and the optimal network identification model for Sogatella furcifera was achieved. The experimental results showed that the recognition accuracy for Sogatella furcifera could reach 96.17% for training set, and for test set, the recognition accuracy was 94.14%.