In order to realize the real-time monitoring of ecosystem parameters in the forest with little mobile phone signal, a real-time forest microclimate monitoring system was designed based on Beidou satellite short message communication, Internet of things and cloud storage technologies. The system was composed of microclimate monitoring station, cloud server and software. The forest atmosphere, soil, sunlight and plant parameters can be real timely monitored. The system had functions such as cloud storage, dynamic query, report generation and data analysis. The calculation of forest fire weather index was smoothed and the factor of the litter layer soil humidity was supplemented to realize the forecast of the forest fire weather grade, which was used for the early warning of the local forest fire. Through the continuous experiments at Beijing Jiufeng national forest park from March to May 2017, three forest microclimate stations can obtain 11 kinds of microclimate data stably and reliably, and the success ratios of data transmission through Beidou satellite were 98.57%, 99.43% and 99.59%, respectively, successfully realizing long-term real-time monitoring. The communication fee using Beidou satellite short message communication was lower than that using Iridium SBD communication service. Since 2016, this system had been widely used for the forestry big data acquisition and analysis in Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Hebei and Henan provinces.