Since ditch plow of direct rapeseed seeder would directly affect ditch quality and power consumption, a ditch plow and an optimized plow were designed and studied comparatively. The basic structure of the ditch plow was investigated and the characteristic of the digging-type surface of ditch plow and the smashing-type surface of the optimized plow were comparatively analyzed. Furthermore, taking traction resistance, plowing specific resistance, and power consumption as the evaluation indices, the experimental research on the impact factors of forward speed, ditch depth, ditch width, soil firmness were conducted by the high speed digitized soil bin platform. The experimental results showed that the greatest impact factor on traction resistance and plowing specific resistance was ditch depth, and the greatest impact factor on power consumption were forward speed and ditch depth. The traction resistance, plowing specific resistance, power consumption of the optimized plow were all only 35%~50% of the ditch plow’s respectively. The research conclusion had great theoretical value and practical significance to the optimization of ditch plow and the power consumption reduction of precision rapeseed planter.