车架弹性对重型载货汽车行驶平顺性的影响
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Frame Flexibilitys Effect on Ride Comfort of Heavyduty Truck
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    摘要:

    以某重型载货汽车为研究对象,利用有限元方法及虚拟样机技术建立整车多刚体模型和考虑车架弹性的整车刚弹耦合模型。在B级路面上满载工况下对整车行驶平顺性进行仿真分析,研究车架柔性对驾驶员座椅地板加权振动加速度均方根值、悬架动挠度和车轮动载荷3个平顺性评价指标的影响,同时进行整车操纵稳定性的稳态回转性能仿真分析,讨论车架弹性对整车稳态回转性能的影响,并进行相应的实车试验验证。结果表明,考虑车架弹性后整车平顺性的仿真分析结果比把车架视为刚体更接近试验结果;车架刚性越大,其低阶固有振动频率越高,驾驶员座椅地板加权振动加速度均方根值、悬架动挠度和车轮动载荷越小,整车行驶平顺性变好;同时适当增加车架的刚性,会使整车的稳态回转性能得到改善。设计车架时,适当增加车架刚度、提高车架低阶固有振动频率,可改善重型载货汽车整车行驶平顺性。

    Abstract:

    It takes a newtype heavyduty truck as study object.Vehicle multi-body model and rigidflexible coupling model with flexible frame were built with FEA method and virtual prototype technology. These models with full loads were simulated in the case of Broad and weighted acceleration mean square root of the driver’s seat floor of cab, suspension dynamic deflection and tire dynamic load were analyzed with different flexible frame, at the same time, these models with full load were simulated in steadystate characteristic test, it was studied that understeer characteristic was influenced by different frame flexibility, and vehicle road tests of ride comfort and steadystate characteristic were implemented. The result showed that simulation results with flexible frame were closer to the experimental results than the ones with rigid frame. With loworder natural vibration frequencies of frame increasing, weighted acceleration mean square root of the driver’s seat floor of cab, suspension dynamic deflection and dynamic tire load became better, that is, vehicle ride comfort was improved. Simultaneously, enhancing stiffness of frame properly could change vehicle understeer characteristic for the better. Consequently, when the frame was designed, enhancing frame stiffness properly or increasing loworder natural vibration frequencies of frame were very helpful to improve ride comfort of heavyduty trucks.

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王登峰,郝 赫,刘盛强,徐伟刚,佐安康,李政茂.车架弹性对重型载货汽车行驶平顺性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(12):7-12. Wang Dengfeng, Hao He, Liu Shengqiang, Xu Weigang, Zuo Ankang, Li Zhengmao. Frame Flexibilitys Effect on Ride Comfort of Heavyduty Truck[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(12):7-12.

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