Ten types of biomass pellet fuels from China and Sweden were analyzed according to European solid biofuel standards (CEN/TC 335), and the differences in characteristics were analyzed between straw pellet fuel in China and wood pellet fuel from Sweden. The results showed that the biomass pellet fuels from China and Sweden satisfied the standard requirement and the wood pellets from Sweden had highest quality. The calorific value of pellet made from corn straw in China was 209% lower and the Si content was 20% higher in the ash and slag after combustion than that of Swedish wood pellets. This indicated that the biomass pellet fuels from China have more ash and more easily form slag during combustion. “Chinese” crop pellets with higher ash content and increased risk for slagging will require high quality combustion equipment to ensure high availability.