A kind of sugarcane segmentation combine on the basis of assimilation and absorption of imported advanced sugarcane harvester technology was designed. The machine could finish the processes of separating sugarcanes in different rows, cutting cane at bottom, conveying sugarcane, cutting sugarcane into segments, eliminating trash by air classification, and gathering sugarcane segments in a bag in one pass. The designs on main devices of these processes were introduced. Field tests were done to measure the main performance indexes of a prototype. The results were that total loss factor was 2.25%, broken biennial root rate was 11.3%, dirt percentage was 7.75%, segments percent of pass 94.55%, and cutting-height percent of pass 94.3%. The results showed that this prototype could smoothly work in the field where serious lodging sugarcane existed, and all main parameters reached their design requirements. The development of this sugarcane harvester provides a kind of practical sugarcane combine.