With the improvement of variety and the extension of applying field, the rape planting area increased continuously in recent years. Rape harvesting by hand consumed much time and labor, which resulted in high loss rate of rapeseed and the hard labor intensity. And the existing rape harvesters were mainly refitted from rice-wheat harvester and the working performance was still at a low level. At the end of 2007, the ratio of machine harvest rape area was only 2.6% in China. The structure of model 4LYB1-2.0 whole-feeding rape combine harvester was introduced. The design proceeding of the key parts including header, threshing and separating unit and cleaning unit were described in detail. Experiments were made in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, which showed that the total loss rate was 5.7%, broken rate 0.3%，and impurity rate 2%.