Controlled laser shock peening is an advanced surface treating technology. Based on representing the mechanics of controlled laser shock peening, physical model of mechanics effect and elastic-plastic model of residual stress were established, characteristic of laser-induced residual stress has been analyzed, the relations between laser processing parameters and laser-induced residual stress were researched. Distribution of residual stress field was controlled by adjusting laser parameters and technology condition, then the effect of LSP has been identified, furthermore, fatigue life of the components could be assuredly increased after controlled laser shock peening. 