The distributions of camshaft surface residual stress by rolling, peening and rolling+peening were measured respectively with model X-350A of XRD stress tester, and laxation complexions of camshaft residual stress by 500℃ anneal treatment were tested. The experimental results were shown that residual stresses by above three kinds of craft treatments were all compressive stress, and the surface residual stresses of camshaft by rolling were bigger than other treatment modes, which was the best surface strengthening craft for camshaft; rolling+peening treatment has obviously decreased surface compressive residual stress on rolling pieces, which weakened rolling effect.