Aiming at the problems of serious differentiation of residual film in the tillage layer, poor mechanical properties, low pick-up rate of deep residual film, and high soil content caused by the mixing of residual film and soil, an active recovery method of rotary tillage and throwing soil mixture, picking up spring tooth to forward rotate and pick up the film, and reversely rotate and unload film was proposed. The overall solution of the roll-type tillage layer residual film recovery machine was designed, and its structural composition and working principle were expounded. Design and parameter calculation of key operating components such as film picking device, film picking device, forward and reverse mechanism and film unloading device were carried out to obtain the critical conditions for the effective hook and picking out of the residual film in the mixture under the mechanical force of the spring-tooth. By using the coupling method of ANSYS and SPH (Smoothed particle hydrodynamics), the numerical simulation model of the spring tooth picking up the residual film process was constructed, and the maximum stress and deformation of the residual film in the process of picking up the residual film were obtained. The effectiveness of picking up the residual film with the spring-tooth hook was analyzed. The verification test of the prototype showed that when the rotation speed of the taking-film was 213.75r/min, the rotation speed of the picking drum was 43.75r/min, the rotation speed of the roll forward rotation was 131.27r/min, the rotation speed of the roll reverse unloading film was 167.86r/min, and the rotation speed of the unloading film wheel was 43r/min. The surface pick-up rate of the roll-type topsoil residual film recycling machine was 826%, and the deep pick-up rate was 71.1%. The test results met the design requirements and realized the mechanized recovery of topsoil residual film from the film-soil mixture. It provided a method and theoretical basis for the research of tillage layer residual film recovery mechanism.